Energy charge
An energy charge bills total consumption, usually in dollars per kWh. It captures volume of electricity consumed, while demand charges capture the system capacity needed to serve the customer's peak.
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Land, Permitting, and Environmental
Stormwater management
Stormwater management covers how runoff from roofs, roads, parking, substations, and graded land is collected, treated, detained, or discharged. Large data center campuses can create significant impervious area and drainage obligations.
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Air permit
Air permit authorizes emissions from regulated sources such as backup generators, testing, fuel systems, or construction activities. Generator-heavy data center designs can make air permitting a material path item and community issue.
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A system-peak charge is based on the customer's measured contribution during utility or market peak intervals. PJM 5CP and ERCOT 4CP are common examples users will encounter when evaluating large-load operating costs.
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