N
N is the base amount of capacity or equipment needed to support the design load. Redundancy expressions like N+1 and 2N only make sense after defining the load, component boundary, operating mode, and failure scenario.
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Power Fundamentals
RPP
Remote Power Panel distributes branch circuits closer to IT racks or rows, often downstream of a PDU. RPPs can simplify circuit distribution in white space but must be coordinated with redundancy, metering, breaker coordination, and future rack-density changes.
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kWh
Kilowatt-hour is a measure of energy: one kW used for one hour. Utility energy charges are usually based on kWh, while many large-load feasibility questions turn on both kWh consumption and peak kW demand.
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Power Usage Effectiveness is total data center facility energy divided by IT equipment energy. A PUE closer to 1.0 indicates less non-IT overhead, but comparisons require consistent boundaries, metering, climate context, utilization, and reporting periods.
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